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Wood Islands is a Canadian rural farming and fishing community located in southeastern Queens County, Prince Edward Island on the Northumberland Strait. It takes its name from several small forested islands located several hundred metres offshore in the Northumberland Strait. The population of the community is unavailable as a result of its small size; Wood Islands falls under the larger township Lot 62, which had a population in 2011 of 470 residents, a 13% decrease from the 2006 census count of 540. While the named islands are located on maps by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin: Karte Bellin, 1744: ‘I a Bova’ and Louis Franquet: Cartes Franquet, 1751: ‘Isle a Bois’, it is Samuel Johannes Holland who corrected surveys of the islands and their basin. The settlement of Wood Islands started in 1803, but saw its largest arrivals in 1807 with the arrival, after wintering in Belfast, of a large party of Scottish settlers from the ''Spencer''.〔http://www.linneberg.com/skye/polly.html List Compiled: Karen Linneberg〕〔http://www540.pair.com/buchanan/genes/docs/polly.htm List Compiled: 1903 Malcolm A. Macqueen〕〔See Sheets: 2001 at http://www.islandregister.com/colonsay_selkirk.html〕 Wood Islands Harbour. Previously Victoria Harbour - c1868, depicted on Franquet, 1751, as it appears on Jeffreys, 1775; their works denoting a harbour that has long played an important role in the island’s history. Of the then three islands, they are permanently linked by sand bars to form the Harbour. A winter mail run between Wood Islands and Nova Scotia, initiated in 1777, was the island’s winter seasonal connection to the mainland until 1827. Today, it is a sheltered harbour hosting the ferry service to Caribou, Nova Scotia, operated by Northumberland Ferries Limited, as well as small craft fishing. The southwestern shore of the lagoon forming Wood Islands Harbour is also the southernmost point in Prince Edward Island with coordinates 45º65'54"N, 62º45'18"W.〔See: http://hacker.vre.upei.ca/islandora/object/islandora%3A452〕〔See: http://www.islandregister.com/placenames/vwxyz.html〕 Wood Islands Harbour in Prince Edward Island is at latitude 45.953 and longitude -62.7478. It is designated a ‘Core Fishing Harbour’ – noted as critical to fishing and aquaculture industries, and it is now being managed by Harbour Authority of Wood Islands.〔See: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sch-ppb/list-liste/harb-port-eng.asp?c=a#2083〕〔See: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sch-ppb/maps/maps-home-accueil-eng.htm〕 Wood Islands Lighthouse. During its session of 1874, the Canadian Parliament appropriated $6,000 for a lighthouse at Wood Islands, as an aid of marine traffic in the Strait and for fishers in and around Wood Island harbour. A contract for $3,000 was entered into with Archibald McKay of Moncton, NB, who abandoned the project after having received $900 for his work. The Department of Marine hired Donald MacMillian to complete the work; the then eight-room structure was finished during the autumn of 1876 and put into operation on 1 November 1876. Allen, 1880 and Cummins, 1927 show the light on the south bank of an island, in the Wood Islands basin, adjacent to the then harbour entrance breakwaters. Light-keepers at Wood Islands had a significant challenge in access, as it could only be approached by a long road through woods and along the beach west of the lighthouse.〔Plan of Lot Sixty & Sixty Two: Queens Co. PEI, C. R Allen: 1880, UPEI Library Identifier: 214552, See: http://www.islandimagined.ca/fedora/repository/imagined%3A208429〕〔UPEI’s Island Imagined: Lots Sixty and Sixty-Two: Cummins Map Co. c1927 See: http://www.islandimagined.ca/fedora/repository/imagined%3A208787〕 The light was initially accessed from a track running down from now Pioneer Cemetery Road, to the land spit reaching south from ‘Wood Island’, over a sand bar, to its southeast corner site. With time, the track from Pioneer Cemetery Road was lost and a new access gained south from now McLeod Road. The southeast island came to be attached to shore with changes in the harbour usage, and with the construction of the Wood Islands ferry terminal and berthing docks. It is the second oldest lighthouse, with an attached dwelling and tower of this style, on the island. The difficult approach meant that the keepers had few visitors before the present road was built in the late 1930s.〔See: http://www.lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=958〕〔See: http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/sgc-cms/expositions-exhibitions/phares-lighthouses/English/04_Wood_Islands/wikeepers01.html〕 Wood Islands Provincial Park, a picnic area, is located southeast of the ferry terminal on the largest of the islands and adjacent to the Wood Islands Lighthouse, an automated light station operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The Wood Islands Lighthouse is now a museum operated by a local community group and can be toured daily from mid-July to mid-September.〔http://www.woodislandslighthouse.com〕 ==The Prince Edward Island Railroad and The Confederation Trail== The Prince Edward Island Railway (Mark PEIR c1875 - 1989) was originally set out to cross the Island only from Alberton (then Cascumpec) to Georgetown, initially added two subdivisions, one to Tignish from Alberton and a second into Souris from Mount Stewart.〔Theo Swinyard, Page: 51.〕 Built under the supervision of PEI’s Chief Engineer John Edward Boyd, construction began in October 1871, was contracted to be completed in the fall of 1874. The ‘initial’ system of 198.5 miles was ‘complete’ by January 1875, and by 1880, with additional spurs, there were two trains daily crossing the province, eastbound and westbound.〔World Public Library - Project Gutenberg: Prince Edward Island Railway. http://www.self.gutenberg.org/articles/prince_edward_island_railway Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕〔Kensington, PEI – Rails on The Island: The PEI Railway. http://www.kennet.pe.ca/chip/english/railway/lines.htm Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕〔Prince Edward Island Railway - Reporting Mark: PEIR http://www.canada-rail.com/maritimes/railways/PEIR.html#.VQioy-GQDzA%3C/ref Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕 In 1905, the federal government funded the PEIR to build a new line from east of Charlottetown to Murray Harbour, part of which included the ’new’ Hillsborough River Bridge, consisting of 12 sections of two 'surplus’ narrow gauge rail bridges, the Murray Harbour Subdivision, it bringing service to southeastern corner of the Island.〔Harold Gaudet, Page: 58.〕 Operating under superintendent, Benjamin MacEachern, of Hopefield, on November 1, 1905 of 52.3 miles in length, with the Hillsborough Bridge completed, it fully opened for traffic. The daily run taking a scheduled 3 hours and 35 minutes.〔Department Of Railways And Canals, 6-7 Edward Vi U A. 1907, Prince Edward Island Railway, Moncton, NB, August 1906. http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/Annual_Report_of_the_Department_of_Railways_and_Canals_for_the_Past_1000764788/251 Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕 The commission to build the Murray Harbour Subdivision went to D.R. Morrison of Summerside, PE, a relative newcomer to the Island construction scene, assisted by contractors: Willard Kitchen Construction Company of Grand Falls, NB, R.E Mutch and Company of Charlottetown, PE and M.F. Schurman and Company of Kensington, PE.〔Island Narratives – The Railway: Murray Harbour. http://vre2.upei.ca/cap/node/626 Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕 Started on 17 May 1900, with setting out and grade work, its first rails arrived at Belle River on 18 October 1901, with station construction beginning in 1903. Opened on 26 September 1905, the Branch initially terminated at Southport, for passengers to access the ferry, just before the Hillsborough Bridge was completed.〔Allan Graham, Pages: 46/47〕 Set out to minimize large cuttings, and fills, and to avoid the need for bridges, the Murray Harbour Subdivision consisted of twenty-two stops: initially 9, then 13, booking stations and nine flag stations. The Booking Stations, in design, had a pleasing construction and arrangement, with freight sheds and some with detached facilities. The Flag Stations over time changed from being ‘Open Ended Sheds’ to ‘Closed In Sheds’ - with single or double doors and windows. In addition to the stations, there were two water tanks and a full engine house - it located in Murray Harbour.〔Allan Graham, Pages: 47/48 〕 In Lot 62 there were three PEIR stations: first, initially a flag station, at Belle River (on the Alex Stewart acreage, above the Douses Road), the second a booking station, in Wood Islands, and the third, another flag station, in Iris / Pleasant Valley (on the Hurd acreage, on the Murray Road).〔Allan Graham, Page: 125 〕〔UPEI Island Imagined: Lots Sixty and Sixty-Two: Cummins Map Co. c1927. http://www.islandimagined.ca/fedora/repository/imagined%3A208787 Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕 After looping around the Belle River weir and its headwater, the Wood Island station was located on the southwest corner of the crossing of the Montague - Wood Islands Road. Just below the junction of the Pleasant Valley / Wood Island and Montague Roads, the station also housed the Wood Island (North) Post Office, the station agent also being the postmaster.〔http://railway.site.100percenthost.net/index.php?title=W-STNS Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕 From 1989, when the trains stopped running, there eventually developed an opportunity for a rail trail or recreational trail to be set out crossing the Island.〔See: CTA Decision No. 348-R-1989, July 12, 1989. https://www.otc-cta.gc.ca/eng/ruling/348-r-1989 Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕 The CN trail corridor purchased in 1994, by the provincial government, sees the Confederation Trail, completed in 2014, again connecting rural PEI.〔Confederation Trail - The Prince Edward Island Railway, D. Murray 2001. http://www.gov.pe.ca/photos/original/tou_railhistory.pdf Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕 In Wood Islands, from just east of the ‘old’ Wood Islands Station - south to the Wood Islands Welcome Centre runs a 4.1 km nature trail spur. Built by a group of dedicated community volunteers, the spur ends at a replica booking station, much like the one that sat beside Wood Island and Montague Road, with the original freight shed that once sat beside the old PEIR Belle River Station.〔Iona to Murray Harbour: Trail Features. See: http://www.tourismpei.com/confederation-trail/iona-murray-harbour Reviewed: 01.10.2015〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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